Explaining island‐wide geographical patterns of Caribbean fish diversity: A multi‐scale seascape ecology approach          下载免费PDF全文

Linn Sekund  Simon Pittman 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(3)

Geographical patterning of fish diversity across coral reef seascapes is driven by many interacting environmental variables operating at multiple spatial scales. Identifying suites of variables that explain spatial patterns of fish diversity is central to ecology and informs prioritization in marine conservation, particularly where protection of the highest biodiversity coral reefs is a primary goal. However, the relative importance of conventional within‐patch variables versus the spatial patterning of the surrounding seascape is still unclear in the ecology of fishes on coral reefs. A multi‐scale seascape approach derived from landscape ecology was applied to quantify and examine the explanatory roles of a wide range of variables at different spatial scales including: (i) within‐patch structural attributes from field data (5 × 1 m² sample unit area); (ii) geometry of the seascape from sea‐floor maps (10–50 m radius seascape units); and wave exposure from a hydrodynamic model (240 m resolution) for 251 coral reef survey sites in the US Virgin Islands. Non‐parametric statistical learning techniques using single classification and regression trees (CART) and ensembles of boosted regression trees (TreeNet) were used to: (i) model interactions; and (ii) identify the most influential environmental predictors from multiple data types (diver surveys, terrain models, habitat maps) across multiple spatial scales (1–196,350 m²). Classifying the continuous response variables into a binary category and instead predicting the presence and absence of fish species richness hotspots (top 10% richness) increased the predictive performance of the models. The best CART model predicted fish richness hotspots with 80% accuracy. The statistical interaction between abundance of living scleractinian corals measured by SCUBA divers within 1 m² quadrats and the topographical complexity of the surrounding sea‐floor terrain (150 m radius seascape unit) measured from a high‐resolution terrain model best explained geographical patterns in fish richness hotspots. The comparatively poor performance of models predicting continuous variability in fish diversity across the seascape could be a result of a decoupling of the diversity‐environment relationship owing to structural degradation leading to a widespread homogenization of coral reef structure.  相似文献   

中国多阶段活化构造与铀成矿作用     

王木清 《铀矿地质》2017,(1):9-15

中国地质构造和铀成矿复杂,活化构造作用时间长,从早元古宙延续至今,以中新生代最为强烈。针对特定大区域内多种类型铀矿床并存,而主成矿期往往基本一致的特点,笔者从大地构造、深部地质结构、地球物理和地球化学等方面,就中国多阶段活化构造演化及其对铀成矿的控制作用进行了探讨。  相似文献   

科研型天文创新人才培养模式的探索与实践 ---以贵州师范大学``南仁东'创新人才实验班为例          下载免费PDF全文

董爱军  支启军  肖文君  汪景琇  党世军  冯建超  朱化强 《天文学报》2022,63(4):49-125

我国天文大科学设备郭守敬望远镜(Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope,LAMOST)、慧眼硬X射线调制卫星(Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope, HXMT)以及500 m口径球面射电望远镜(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, FAST)陆续建成使用,急需大量从事天文前沿科学研究的创新人才.然而,天文专业发展的区域分布不均衡严重影响了天文专业人才的培养.贵州师范大学立足于天文学科发展需求和贵州省省情,成立了“南仁东”创新人才实验班(简称南仁东班).同时,贵州师范大学通过与中国科学院国家天文台院校协同,借助其教育和科研资源优势,探索与实践了科研型天文创新人才培养的新模式.在课程思政、人才培养和师资队伍建设等方面取得了较好的成绩.“院校协同,培养科研型天文创新人才”的人才培养模式对西部地区乃至全国开展天文专业人才培养具有重要的借鉴价值.  相似文献   

多孔同段爆破漏斗形成机理的数值模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王鹏  周传波  耿雪峰  贾建红 《岩土力学》2010,31(3):993-997

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性三维动力有限元软件,对岩石在多孔同段爆破作用下的应力分布与传播机制,进行了数值模拟。得到了不同时刻的应力分布云图和典型单元的应力-时间历程曲线, 根据结果分析研究了应力波传播规律与爆破漏斗的形成过程,探讨了影响爆破漏斗形成的相关因素,并通过现场试验加以验证,试验结果与数值模拟结果相吻合。  相似文献   

Doing interdisciplinarity: motivation and collaboration in research for sustainable agriculture in the UK     

Frances Harris  Fergus Lyon  Sarah Clarke 《Area》2009,41(4):374-384

This paper studies knowledge production in complex, collaborative research projects that brought together academics from different disciplines, research users and agricultural businesses. It takes a comparative approach, studying the interactions within interdisciplinary research teams from ten case studies, considering the process of collaboration from initial idea through to publication. The research developed a typology of participants in these projects, and identified the motivations and challenges of each. Our results analyse the process of research teams coming together and the relationships that are built up during the research. A particular challenge identified was the building of cooperation and trust. This issue is explored alongside issues of communication, methodology, data analysis and the process of drawing and publicising conclusions.  相似文献   

深埋隧道衬砌稳定可靠度的Kriging插值法与遗传算法协同优化求解法     

苏雅  杨明辉  苏永华  梁斌 《岩土力学》2013,34(9):2661-2666

首先利用遗传算法(GA)的全局优化能力,解决了Kriging插值预测算法中相关参数的精确求解问题。针对衬砌结构力学状态表征量与基本参数是高度非线性关系而无法明晰表达的难题,建立了基于Kriging插值预测法的状态表征量等代显式通用模型。以抗拉强度控制参量为例,提出了采用拉丁抽样等代显式通用模型的具体隧道工程衬砌结构力学状态方程构造程序。基于以状态方程为约束条件建立的可靠度指标计算模式,构建起Kriging与GA协同优化的隧道衬砌稳定可靠度求解方法。实例应用对比表明,该方法与精确解的相对误差为4.8%,计算工作量仅为其2.5%。与目前已有的同类方法相比,具有明显的优越性。  相似文献   

地震应急指挥协同技术平台设计研究   总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0  

姜立新  帅向华  聂高众  杨天青  席楠  李晓杰 《震灾防御技术》2012,7(3):294-302

地震应急指挥协同服务能力是国家地震社会服务能力建设的核心内容,我国的地震应急指挥协同服务能力在研究和建设方面尚处于起步阶段,在未来一段时间将开展地震应急指挥协同技术平台的建设。因此,地震应急指挥协同技术平台的关键构成、设计和实现方式还有许多方面有待进一步研究和探讨。本文根据国家地震社会服务工程的初步设计,对地震应急指挥协同技术平台几个方面的内容进行了初步探讨,在此基础上讨论了其未来进一步发展应进行的工作。  相似文献   

Combining historical and process perspectives to infer ranges of geomorphic variability and inform river restoration in a wandering gravel‐bed river     

Cleo Woelfle‐Erskine  Andrew C. Wilcox  Johnnie N. Moore 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(12):1302-1312

Restoration approaches such as dam removal and channel reconstruction have moved beyond the realm of small streams and are being applied to larger rivers. This development has substantial economic and ecological implications but may test gaps in our understanding of larger river systems and of restoration science. We examine how information about historical ranges of geomorphic variability can inform stream restoration in the context of the Clark Fork River, Montana, focusing on a study reach where one of the largest restoration projects to date was implemented, upstream of the recently removed Milltown Dam. Analysis of historical sources and aerial photographs of the Clark Fork River's pre‐mining, mining, and more recent history suggest that a wandering channel pattern has persisted despite variations in sediment supply and transport capacity. Predictive metrics for channel pattern also suggest a wandering pattern, transitional between braided and meandering, in this geomorphic setting. These analyses suggest that the creation of a single‐thread meandering channel, which incorporates structures to limit erosion and channel movement, is inconsistent with the historical range of variability in this reach. The perils of restoring channels to a condition different than the historical range of variability for their geomorphic setting were illustrated on the Clark Fork by flood‐induced avulsions of the restored channel that occurred soon after project construction. Application of an experimental approach to restoration, founded on the method of multiple working hypotheses, provides a means for embracing uncertainty, can maximize the potential for site‐specific restoration success, and can foster advances in restoration science. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海量卫星重力梯度观测数据确定地球重力位模型的数值方法     

朱广彬  常晓涛  邹贤才  徐新禹  王建强 《大地测量与地球动力学》2011,31(6):140-144

基于空域最小二乘法,对卫星重力梯度数据确定地球重力场中的Cholesky分解法、预条件共轭梯度法以及OpenMP并行算法3种数值方法进行比较与分析。研究表明,在计算机硬件资源有限的情况下,传统的Cholesky分解法已经无法满足求解要求;预条件共轭梯度法的求解效率较之Cholesky分解法有改进,但其以损失小量精度为代价;OpenMP并行算法在不损失求解精度的条件下,可提高求解的效率。  相似文献   

微型检波一体化三分量地震仪及其应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王怀秀  彭苏萍  朱国维 《煤田地质与勘探》2003,31(3):45-48

讨论了一种微型便携式地震仪的设计思路,该仪器具有本安防爆,重量轻、低功耗、高精度、高采样率等特点,内置三分量检波器,采集数据原位数字化且原位存储,能极大限度地抵抗外界干扰,提高采集信号的信噪比,实现了地震勘探检波一体化的理想采集条件。该仪器适用于恶劣环境条件下的高精度浅层多波勘探,如岩土体强度的原位测试、残余煤厚探测与工程检测等。通过实际应用证明该仪器应用范围广阔。   相似文献